Beef Is Considered Sacred in the Religion

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Due to the multiple benefits from cattle, there are varying beliefs about cattle in societies and religions. In some regions, especially well-nigh states of Bharat, the slaughter of cattle is prohibited and their meat may be taboo.

Cattle are considered sacred in world religions such every bit Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and others. Cattle played other major roles in many religions, including those of aboriginal Egypt, ancient Hellenic republic, aboriginal State of israel, aboriginal Rome.

In Indian religions [edit]

Legislation against cattle slaughter is in place throughout nearly states of Bharat except Kerala, W Bengal and parts of the North-East.^[1]

Hinduism [edit]

If anybody said that I should die if I did not accept beef tea or mutton, even on medical advice, I would adopt death. That is the basis of my vegetarianism.

Hinduism specifically considers the zebu (Bos indicus) to exist sacred.^{[3] [iv] [five]} Respect for the lives of animals including cattle, diet in Hinduism and vegetarianism in India are based on the Hindu ethics. The Hindu ethics are driven past the core concept of Ahimsa, i.due east. non-violence towards all beings, every bit mentioned in the Chandogya Upanishad (~ 800 BCE).^{[6] [7]} By mid 1st millennium BCE, all three major religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism were championing not-violence every bit an upstanding value, and something that impacted one's rebirth. According to Harris, by about 200 CE, food and feasting on animal slaughter were widely considered every bit a form of violence against life forms, and became a religious and social taboo.^{[8] [ix]} India, which has 79.80% Hindu population every bit of (2011 census),^[x] had the everyman rate of meat consumption in the earth co-ordinate to the 2007 UN FAO statistics,^[11] and Republic of india has more than vegetarians than the residual of the earth put together.^[12]

According to Ludwig Alsdorf, "Indian vegetarianism is unequivocally based on ahimsa (non-violence)" as evidenced past ancient smritis and other ancient texts of Hinduism." He adds that the endearment and respect for cattle in Hinduism is more than a delivery to vegetarianism and has become integral to its theology.^[xiii] The respect for cattle is widespread just not universal. According to Christopher Fuller, animal sacrifices have been rare among the Hindus outside a few eastern states.^{[thirteen] [14]} To the majority of modern Indians, states Alsdorf, respect for cattle and disrespect for slaughter is a part of their ethos and there is "no ahimsa without renunciation of meat consumption".^[13]

Several scholars explain the veneration for cows among Hindus in economical terms, including the importance of dairy in the nutrition, the use of moo-cow dung every bit fuel and fertilizer, and the importance that cattle accept historically played in agronomics.^[15] Aboriginal texts such as Rig Veda, Puranas highlight the importance of cattle.^[fifteen] The scope, extent and status of cows throughout ancient India is a subject field of debate. According to D. N. Jha, cattle, including cows, were neither inviolable nor as revered in ancient times equally they were later.^[16] A Gryhasutra recommends that beef be eaten by the mourners afterward a funeral anniversary as a ritual rite of passage.^[17] In dissimilarity, according to Marvin Harris, the Vedic literature is contradictory, with some suggesting ritual slaughter and meat consumption, while others suggesting a taboo on meat eating.^[viii]

Sacred status of moo-cow [edit]

The Hindu god Krishna is oftentimes shown with cows listening to his music.

Many ancient and medieval Hindu texts debate the rationale for a voluntary end to cow slaughter and the pursuit of vegetarianism equally a role of a general abstention from violence against others and all killing of animals.^{[18] [19]}

The interdiction of the meat of the bounteous moo-cow as food was regarded as the start step to full vegetarianism.^[20] Dairy cows are chosen aghnya "that which may non be slaughtered" in Rigveda. Yaska, the early commentator of the Rigveda, gives nine names for moo-cow, the commencement being "aghnya".^[21] Co-ordinate to Harris, the literature relating to moo-cow veneration became common in 1st millennium CE, and past about 1000 CE vegetarianism, along with a taboo against beef, became a well accepted mainstream Hindu tradition.^[eight] This practise was inspired past the behavior in Hinduism that a soul is nowadays in all living beings, life in all its forms is interconnected, and non-violence towards all creatures is the highest ethical value.^{[8] [nine]} Vegetarianism is a office of the Hindu civilization. The god Krishna and his Yadav kinsmen are associated with cows, adding to its endearment.^{[8] [nine]}

According to Nanditha Krishna the cow veneration in ancient India during the Vedic era, the religious texts written during this period called for non-violence towards all bipeds and quadrupeds, and often equated killing of a moo-cow with the killing of a human being specifically a Brahmin.^[22] Nanditha Krishna stated that the hymn 8.3.25 of the Hindu scripture Atharvaveda (~1200–1500 BCE) condemns all killings of men, cattle, and horses, and prays to god Agni to punish those who kill.^{[23] [24]}

Prithu chasing Prithvi, who is in the form of a moo-cow. Prithu milked the cow to generate crops for humans.

In Puranas, which are part of the Hindu texts, the globe-goddess Prithvi was in the form of a moo-cow, successively milked of beneficent substances for the do good of humans, by deities starting with the first sovereign: Prithu milked the moo-cow to generate crops for humans to cease a famine.^[25] Kamadhenu, the miraculous "cow of plenty" and the "mother of cows" in sure versions of the Hindu mythology, is believed to represent the generic sacred moo-cow, regarded as the source of all prosperity.^[26] In the 19th century, a course of Kamadhenu was depicted in poster-art that depicted all major gods and goddesses in it.^{[27] [28]} Govatsa Dwadashi which marks the commencement solar day of Diwali celebrations, is the main festival connected to the veneration and worship of cows every bit chief source of livelihood and religious sanctity in India, wherein the symbolism of motherhood is nigh apparent with the sacred cows Kamadhenu and her daughter Nandini.^[29]

Historical significance [edit]

A pamphlet protesting cow slaughter, first created in 1893. A meat eater (mansahari) is shown as a demon with sword, with a man telling him "don't impale, moo-cow is life-source for all". It was interpreted by Muslims in British Raj to exist representing them.^[30] Redrawn the Raja Ravi Varma (c. 1897).

The reverence for the cow played a role in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the British Due east India Visitor. Hindu and Muslim sepoys in the ground forces of the East India Company came to believe that their newspaper cartridges, which held a measured amount of gunpowder, were greased with moo-cow and grunter fat. The consumption of swine is forbidden in Islam and Judaism. Because loading the gun required biting off the end of the paper cartridge, they concluded that the British were forcing them to break edicts of their faith.^[31]

A historical survey of major communal riots in India betwixt 1717 and 1977 revealed that 22 out of 167 incidents of rioting between Hindus and Muslims were attributable directly to cow slaughter.^{[32] [33]}

In Gandhi's teachings [edit]

The cow protection was a symbol of animate being rights and of non-violence confronting all life forms for Gandhi. He venerated cows, and suggested ending cow slaughter to be the first step to stopping violence against all animals.^[34] He said: "I worship it and I shall defend its worship against the whole world", and stated that "The key fact of Hinduism is cow protection."^[34]

Jainism [edit]

Jainism is against violence to all living beings, including cattle. According to the Jaina sutras, humans must avoid all killing and slaughter because all living beings are addicted of life, they suffer, they feel pain, they like to live, and long to live. All beings should aid each other live and prosper, according to Jainism, not kill and slaughter each other.^{[35] [36]}

In the Jain religious tradition, neither monks nor laypersons should cause others or allow others to piece of work in a slaughterhouse.^[37] Jains believe that vegetarian sources tin provide adequate nutrition, without creating suffering for animals such as cattle.^[37] According to some Jain scholars, slaughtering cattle increases ecological burden from human nutrient demands since the production of meat entails intensified grain demands, and reducing cattle slaughter by 50 percent would gratis up plenty land and ecological resources to solve all malnutrition and hunger worldwide. The Jain community leaders, states Christopher Chapple, has actively campaigned to stop all forms of animate being slaughter including cattle.^[38]

Cattle at a temple, in Ooty Bharat

Cattle making themselves at home on a city street in Jaipur, Rajasthan

Buddhism [edit]

The texts of Buddhism land ahimsa to be one of v ethical precepts, which requires a practicing Buddhist to "refrain from killing living beings".^[39] Slaughtering cow has been a taboo, with some texts suggesting that taking care of a moo-cow is a means of taking intendance of "all living beings". Cattle are seen in some Buddhist sects every bit a form of reborn homo beings in the endless rebirth cycles in samsara, protecting animal life and being kind to cattle and other animals is good karma.^{[39] [40]} Non just exercise some, mainly Mahayana, Buddhist texts state that killing or eating meat is wrong, information technology urges Buddhist laypersons to not operate slaughterhouses, nor trade in meat.^{[41] [42] [43]} Indian Buddhist texts encourage a constitute-based diet.^{[9] [8]}

Co-ordinate to Saddhatissa, in the Brahmanadhammika Sutta, the Buddha "describes the platonic mode of life of Brahmins in the Golden Age" earlier him as follows:^[44]

Like mother (they thought), male parent, brother or any other kind of kin,
cows are our kin most excellent from whom come many remedies.

Givers of expert and strength, of good complexion and the happiness of wellness,
having seen the truth of this cattle they never killed.

Those Brahmins and then by Dharma did what should be done, not what should not,
so enlightened they graceful were, well-built, fair-skinned, of high renown.
While in the earth this lore was constitute these people happily prospered.

—Buddha, Brahmanadhammika Sutta 13.24, Sutta Nipāta ^{[45] [44] [46]}

Saving animals from slaughter for meat, is believed in Buddhism to be a way to acquire merit for better rebirth.^[40] According to Richard Gombrich, there has been a gap between Buddhist precepts and practice. Vegetarianism is admired, states Gombrich, but often it is not practiced. Nevertheless, adds Gombrich, there is a general belief amid Theravada Buddhists that eating beef is worse than other meat and the ownership of cattle slaughterhouses past Buddhists is relatively rare.^{[47] [note 1]}

Meat eating remains controversial within Buddhism, with most Theravada sects allowing information technology, reflecting early on Buddhist do, and most Mahayana sects forbidding it. Early suttas indicate that the Buddha himself ate meat and was clear that no dominion should exist introduced to forbid meat eating to monks. The consumption, however, appears to have been limited to pork, craven and fish and may well have excluded cattle.^[49]

Abrahamic religions [edit]

Judaism [edit]

Co-ordinate to the Bible,^[l] the Israelites worshipped a cult image of a gilt calf when the prophet Moses went up to Mount Sinai. Moses considered this a nifty sin against God. As a result of their avoidance from the act, the Levite tribe attained a priestly function. A cult of golden calves appears afterwards during the rule of Jeroboam.

According to the Hebrew Bible, an unblemished red cow was an important function of ancient Jewish rituals. The cow was sacrificed and burned in a precise ritual, and the ashes were added to water used in the ritual purification of a person who had come in to contact with a human corpse. The ritual is described in the Book of Numbers in Affiliate 19, verses one–14.^[51]

Observant Jews report this passage every yr in early on summertime as role of the weekly Torah portion called Chukat. A contemporary Jewish organization called the Temple Institute is trying to revive this ancient religious observance.^[52]

Traditional Judaism considers beefiness kosher and permissible as food,^[53] as long every bit the cow is slaughtered in a religious ritual called shechita, and the meat is non served in a meal that includes whatsoever dairy foods.^[54]

Some Jews committed to Jewish vegetarianism believe that Jews should refrain from slaughtering animals birthday^[55] and have condemned widespread cruelty towards cattle on mill farms.^[56]

Islam [edit]

Islam allows the slaughter of cows and consumption of beef, every bit long every bit the cow is slaughtered in a religious ritual called dhabīḥah or zabiha like to the Jewish shechita.

Although slaughter of cattle plays a role in a major Muslim holiday, Eid al-Adha, many rulers of the Mughal Empire had imposed a ban on the slaughter of cows owing to the big Hindu and Jain populations living under their dominion.^[57]

The second and longest surah of the Quran is named Al-Baqara ("The Moo-cow"). Out of the 286 verses of the surah, 7 mention cows (Al Baqarah 67–73).^{[58] [59]} The name of the surah derives from this passage in which Moses orders his people to cede a moo-cow in order to resurrect a man murdered by an unknown person.^[60] Per the passage, the "Children of Israel" quibbled over what kind of moo-cow was meant when the cede was ordered.^[61]

While addressing to children of State of israel, it was said:

And when Nosotros did engage for Moses twoscore nights (of solitude), and and so ye chose the calf, when he had gone from you, and were wrong-doers. Then, even subsequently that, We pardoned you lot in order that ye might give thanks. And when Nosotros gave unto Moses the Scripture and the benchmark (of right and wrong), that ye might be led aright. And when Moses said unto his people: O my people! Ye accept wronged yourselves by your choosing of the calf (for worship) so plow in penitence to your Creator, and kill (the guilty) yourselves. That volition be best for you with your Creator and He will relent toward you. Lo! He is the Relenting, the Merciful. (Al-Quran 2:51–54)

And when Moses said unto his people: Lo! God commandeth you lot that ye sacrifice a cow, they said: Dost thou brand game of us ? He answered: God forbid that I should be among the foolish! They said: Pray for u.s.a. unto thy Lord that He make clear to us what (cow) she is. (Moses) answered: Lo! He saith, Verily she is a cow neither with calf nor immature; (she is) between the 2 conditions; then do that which ye are commanded. They said: Pray for us unto thy Lord that He brand clear to united states of what colour she is. (Moses) answered: Lo! He saith: Verily she is a yellowish cow. Bright is her colour, gladdening beholders. They said: Pray for united states unto thy Lord that He make clear to us what (cow) she is. Lo! cows are much alike to united states of america; and Lo! if God wills, we may exist led aright. (Moses) answered: Lo! He saith: Verily she is a cow unyoked; she plougheth not the soil nor watereth the tilth; whole and without mark. They said: Now one thousand bringest the truth. So they sacrificed her, though almost they did not. And (recall) when ye slew a man and disagreed concerning it and God brought forth that which ye were hiding. And We said: Smite him with some of it. Thus God bringeth the dead to life and showeth you His portents so that ye may sympathize. (Al-Quran 2:67–73)

Classical Sunni and Shia commentators recount several variants of this tale. Per some of the commentators, though any moo-cow would have been acceptable, but after they "created hardships for themselves" and the cow was finally specified, it was necessary to obtain it any cost.^[62]

Christianity [edit]

The cerise heifer or red moo-cow is a particular kind of cow brought to priests for sacrifice in the Hebrew Bible. Jews and some Christian fundamentalists believe that once a red heifer is born they will be able to rebuild the Third Temple on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.^{[ citation needed ]}

Oxen are ane of the animal sacrificed by Greek Orthodox believers in some villages of Greece. It is particularly associated to the feast of Saint Charalambos. This practise of kourbania has been repeatedly criticized past church regime.

The ox is the symbol of Luke the Evangelist.

Amongst the Visigoths, the oxen pulling the wagon with the corpse of Saint Emilian lead to the correct burial site (San Millán de la Cogolla, La Rioja).

Zoroastrianism [edit]

The term geush urva means "the spirit of the moo-cow" and is interpreted as the soul of the earth. In the Ahunavaiti Gatha, Zoroaster accuses some of his co-religionists of abusing the cow^[63] while Ahura Mazda tells him to protect them. Later fleeing to Republic of india, many Zoroastrians stopped eating beefiness out of respect for Hindus living there.^[63]

The lands of Zoroaster and the Vedic priests were those of cattle breeders.^[64] The 9th affiliate of the Vendidad of the Avesta expounds the purificatory power of moo-cow urine.^[65] It is declared to be a panacea for all bodily and moral evils^[65] and features prominently in the nine-night purification ritual Barashnûm.

Aboriginal Arab republic of egypt [edit]

In ancient Egyptian religion, bulls symbolized strength and male sexuality and were linked with aggressive deities such as Montu and virile deities such equally Min. Some Egyptian cities kept sacred bulls that were said to exist incarnations of divine powers, including the Mnevis balderdash, Buchis bull, and the Apis bull, which was regarded every bit a manifestation of the god Ptah and was the most of import sacred animate being in Arab republic of egypt. Cows were connected with fertility and motherhood. One of several ancient Egyptian creation myths said that a cow goddess, Mehet-Weret, who represented the primeval waters that existed before creation, gave birth to the sunday at the get-go of fourth dimension. The sky was sometimes envisioned as a goddess in the class of a cow, and several goddesses, including Hathor, Nut, and Neith, were equated with this celestial cow.^[66]

The Egyptians did not regard cattle as uniformly positive. Wild bulls, regarded as symbols of the forces of anarchy, could exist hunted and ritually killed.^[67]

Ancient Europe [edit]

Finnbhennach (left) and Donn Cuailnge (right)

Tarvos Trigaranus (the "bull with three cranes") is pictured on ancient Gaulish reliefs aslope images of gods. There is show that ancient Celtic peoples sacrificed animals, which were about always cattle or other livestock.^[68] Early on medieval Irish texts mention the tarbfeis (bull feast), a shamanistic ritual in which a bull would exist sacrificed and a seer would sleep in the bull's hide to have a vision of the hereafter rex.^[69]

Cattle appear oftentimes in Irish mythology. The Glas Gaibhnenn is a mythical prized cow that could produce plentiful supplies of milk, while Donn Cuailnge and Finnbhennach are prized bulls that play a cardinal role in the epic Táin Bó Cúailnge ("The Cattle Raid of Cooley"). The mythical lady Flidais, the chief figure in the Táin Bó Flidhais, owns a herd of magical cattle.^[70] The name of the goddess of the River Boyne, Bóinn, comes from Archaic Irish gaelic *Bóu-vinda meaning the "bright or white cow";^[71] while the proper name of the Corcu Loígde means "tribe of the calf goddess".

In Greek mythology, the Cattle of Helios pastured on the island of Thrinacia, which is believed to exist modern Sicily. Helios, the lord's day god, is said to have had seven herds of oxen and seven flocks of sheep, each numbering 50 head. A hecatomb was a sacrifice to the gods Apollo, Athena, and Hera, of 100 cattle (hekaton = ane hundred).

In Norse mythology, the earliest cow Auðumbla suckled the ancestor of the Frost Giants, Ymir, and licked Odin's granddaddy, Búri, out of the ice.

Modern day [edit]

Today, in Hindu-majority countries like Republic of india and Nepal, bovine milk holds a key part of religious rituals. For some, it is customary to boil milk on a stove or atomic number 82 a cow through the business firm equally part of a housewarming anniversary. In honor of their exalted status, cows often roam costless, even along (and in) decorated streets in major cities such as Delhi.

In India [edit]

Constitution of India mandates the protection of cows in India.^[15] The slaughter of cattle is allowed with restrictions (similar a 'fit-for-slaughter' certificate which may be issued depending on factors like age and gender of cattle, continued economic viability, etc.), but only for bulls and buffaloes and not cows in fourteen states. It is completely banned in vi states with pending litigation in the supreme courtroom to overturn the ban, while there is no brake in many states.^[72]

Gopastami, a vacation celebrated by the Hindus once a yr, is one of the few instances where cows receive prayers in modern-day India.^[73] While the cow is still respected and honored by most of the Indian population, at that place has been controversy over the treatment of the cows during the holiday.

In Nepal [edit]

In Nepal, the cow is the national animal. Cows give milk from which the people produce dahi (yogurt), ghee, butter, etc. In Nepal, a Hindu-majority country, slaughtering of cows and bulls is completely banned.^[74] Cows are considered like the Goddess Lakshmi (goddess of wealth and prosperity). The Nepalese have a festival chosen Tihar (Diwali) during which, on i day called Gaipuja, they perform prayers for cows.

According to a Lodi News-Sentinel news story written in the 1960s, in then gimmicky Nepal an individual could serve iii months in jail for killing a pedestrian, merely ane yr for injuring a cow, and life imprisonment for killing a moo-cow.^{[75] [ better source needed ]}

Cows roam freely and are sacred. Buffalo slaughtering was washed in Nepal at specific Hindu events, such equally at the Gadhimai festival, concluding held in 2014.^{[76] [77]} In 2015, Nepal's temple trust on announced to cancel all future beast sacrifice at the state's Gadhimai festival.^[78]

In Myanmar [edit]

The beef taboo is fairly widespread in Myanmar, specially in the Buddhist community. In Myanmar, beefiness is typically obtained from cattle that are slaughtered at the end of their working lives (16 years of age) or from sick animals.^[79] Cattle is rarely raised for meat; 58% of cattle in the country is used for draught brute power (DAP).^[79] Few people eat beefiness, and at that place is a general dislike of beefiness (particularly among the Bamar and Burmese Chinese),^{[80] [81]} although it is more normally eaten in regional cuisines, particularly those of ethnic minorities like the Kachin.^[82] Buddhists, when giving up meat during the Buddhist (Vassa) or Uposatha days, volition forego beef showtime.^[83] Almost all butchers are Muslim because of the Buddhist doctrine of ahimsa (no harm).^[84]

During the state'south final dynasty, the Konbaung dynasty, habitual consumption of beef was punishable by public flogging.^[85]

In 1885, Ledi Sayadaw, a prominent Buddhist monk wrote the Nwa-myitta-sa ( နွားမေတ္တာစာ ), a poetic prose letter that argued that Burmese Buddhists should not kill cattle and eat beefiness, considering Burmese farmers depended on them as beasts of burden to maintain their livelihoods, that the marketing of beef for human consumption threatened the extinction of buffalo and cattle, and that the practice was ecologically unsound.^[86] He subsequently led successful beef boycotts during the colonial era, despite the presence of beef eating among locals, and influenced a generation of Burmese nationalists in adopting this stance.^[86]

On 29 August 1961, the Burmese Parliament passed the Land Religion Promotion Deed of 1961, which explicitly banned the slaughtering of cattle nationwide (beef became known every bit todo tha ( တိုးတိုးသား ); lit. hush hush meat).^[87] Religious groups, such as Muslims, were required to apply for exemption licences to slaughter cattle on religious holidays. This ban was repealed a year later, after Ne Win led a insurrection d'état and declared martial police force in the country.

In Sri Lanka [edit]

In Sri Lanka, in May 2013, thirty-year-old Buddhist monk Bowatte Indrarathana Thera of the Sri Sugatha Purana Vihara self immolated to protest the government assuasive religious minorities to slaughter cows.^[88]

China [edit]

A beefiness taboo in Ancient Red china was historically a dietary restriction, especially among the Han Chinese, as oxen and buffalo (bovines) are useful in farming and are respected.^[89] During the Zhou Dynasty, they were not often eaten, fifty-fifty by emperors.^[ninety] Some emperors banned killing cows.^{[91] [92]} Beef is non recommended in Chinese medicine, as it is considered a hot nutrient and is thought to disrupt the torso's internal balance.^[93]

In written sources (including anecdotes and Daoist liturgical texts), this taboo kickoff appeared in the 9th to twelfth centuries (Tang-Song transition, with the advent of pork meat.^[94]) By the 16th to 17th centuries, the beef taboo had become well accepted in the framework of Chinese morality and was found in morality books (善書), with several books defended exclusively to this taboo.^[94] The beefiness taboo came from a Chinese perspective that relates the respect for animal life and vegetarianism (ideas shared past Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism, and state protection for draught animals.^[94]) In Chinese society, merely ethnic and religious groups non fully assimilated (such every bit the Muslim Huis and the Miao) and foreigners consumed this meat.^[94] This taboo, among Han Chinese, led Chinese Muslims to create a niche for themselves as butchers who specialized in slaughtering oxen and buffalo.^[95]

Occasionally, some cows seen weeping earlier slaughter are often released to temples nearby.^{[96] [97]}

Taiwan [edit]

Due to water buffalo being the master working brute for farming, beef consumption was generally considered a taboo in early 20th century. This gradually changed with Japanese rule, the retreat of the Democracy of China to Taiwan, the mechanization of farming, and the economic system transitioning away from farming. Most Taiwanese people today consume beefiness, although some accept maintained the tradition.^[98]

Japan [edit]

Historically, there was a beefiness taboo in Aboriginal Nippon, equally a means of protecting the livestock population and due to Buddhist influence.^[99] Meat-eating had long been taboo in Japan, starting time with a decree in 675 that banned the consumption of cattle, horses, dogs, monkeys, and chickens, influenced past the Buddhist prohibition of killing.^[100] In 1612, the shōgun declared a prescript that specifically banned the killing of cattle.^[100]

This official prohibition was in place until 1872, when it was officially proclaimed that Emperor Meiji consumed beef and mutton, which transformed the country's dietary considerations equally a means of modernizing the country, particularly with regard to consumption of beefiness.^[100] With contact from Europeans, beef increasingly became popular, even though information technology had previously been considered barbaric.^[99]

Several shrines and temples are decorated with cow figurines, which are believed to cure illnesses when stroked.

Indonesia [edit]

In Kudus, Republic of indonesia, Muslims still maintain the tradition of non slaughtering or eating cows, out of respect for their ancestors, who were Hindus, allegedly imitating Sunan Kudus who also did as such.

Leather [edit]

In religiously diverse countries, leather vendors are typically careful to clarify the kinds of leather used in their products. For case, leather shoes will bear a label identifying the animal from which the leather was taken. In this fashion, a Muslim would not accidentally purchase pigskin leather,^[101] and a Hindu could avert moo-cow leather. Many Hindus who are vegetarians will not utilize whatsoever kind of leather.

Judaism forbids the wearing of shoes made with leather on Yom Kippur, Tisha B'Av, and during mourning.^[102]

Jainism prohibits the use of leather considering information technology is obtained by killing animals.

Meet too [edit]

• 1966 anti-cow slaughter agitation
• Ahir
• Apis
• Bat (goddess)
• Bull (mythology)
• Balderdash of Heaven
• Bull worship
• El (deity)
• Etiquette of Indian dining
• Food and drink prohibitions
• Gangotri (cow)
• Kamadhenu
• Khnum
• Minotaur
• Nandi (bull)
• Naqada Iii
• Ophiotaurus
• Panchamrita
• Blood-red heifer
• Sacred balderdash
• Shambo
• Táin Bó Cúailnge
• Tarvos Trigaranus
• Vegetarianism and religion
• Zebu, the common brood of cow from India

Notes [edit]

1. ^ The protection of cattle and prevention of cattle slaughter is not express to Buddhists in India, merely found in other Theravada countries such as Sri Lanka, Myanmar and others.^{[47] [48]}

References [edit]

1. ^ "Usa where cow slaughter is legal in India". The Indian Express. eight October 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
2. ^ In charts: Vegetarianism in Republic of india has more to do with caste hierarchy than love for animals, Gyre.in, 6 April 2017.
3. ^ Uttara Kennedy, Arvind Sharma and Clive J.C. Philips (2018). "The Sheltering of Unwanted Cattle, Experiences in India and Implications for Cattle Industries Elsewhere". Animals. 8 (5): 64. doi:10.3390/ani8050064. PMC5981275. PMID 29701646.
4. ^ Marvin Harris. Bharat'due south scared cow (PDF).
5. ^ Dr Gloria Pungetti, Dr Anna Maclvor. "Preliminary Literature Review On Scared Species" (PDF).
6. ^ Christopher Chapple (1993). Nonviolence to Animals, Earth, and Cocky in Asian Traditions. State University of New York Printing. pp. 10–xviii. ISBN978-0-7914-1497-2.
7. ^ Tähtinen, Unto (1976), Ahimsa. Non-Violence in Indian Tradition, London: Rider, ISBN 978-0091233402, pp. i–six, 107-109.
8. ^ ^{a b c d due east f} Marvin Harris (1990), Bharat'due south sacred moo-cow, Anthropology: contemporary perspectives, sixth edition, Editors: Phillip Whitten & David Hunter, Scott Foresman, ISBN 0-673-52074-9, pages 201–204
9. ^ ^{a b c d} Lisa Kemmerer (2011). Animals and World Religions. Oxford University Press. pp. 59–68 (Hinduism), pp. 100–110 (Buddhism). ISBN978-0-19-979076-0.
10. ^ "Census of India – India at a Glance : Religious Compositions". censusindia.gov.in . Retrieved 25 August 2015.
11. ^ "Meat Consumption Per Person". Retrieved 23 January 2018 – via Scribd.
12. ^ Edelstein, Sari (2013). Food Science, An Ecological Approach. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 281. ISBN978-i-4496-0344-1. ...India has more vegetarians than everywhere else in the world combined.
13. ^ ^{a b c} Alsdorf, Ludwig (2010). The History of Vegetarianism and Cow-Veneration in India. Routledge. pp. 2–4. ISBN978-11351-66-410.
14. ^ Christopher John Fuller (2004). The Camphor Flame: Popular Hinduism and Social club in India. Princeton Academy Press. pp. 46, 83–85, 141. ISBN0-691-12048-10.
15. ^ ^{a b c} Animals and Social club: An Introduction to Human-animal Studies, Margo DeMello, p.314, Columbia University Printing, 2012
16. ^ Jha, Dwijendra Narayan. The Myth of the Holy Moo-cow. London/New York: Verso 2002
17. ^ Achaya 2002, pp. 16–17.
18. ^ Ludwig Alsdorf (2010). The History of Vegetarianism and Moo-cow-Veneration in Bharat. Routledge. pp. 32–44 with footnotes. ISBN978-i-135-16641-0.
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Bibliography [edit]

• Achaya, K. T. (2002), A Historical Dictionary of Indian Food, Oxford University Press, ISBN0-nineteen-565868-X
• Sethna, Chiliad. D. (1980), The Trouble of Aryan Origins (published 1992), ISBN81-85179-67-0
• Shaffer, Jim Thou. (1995), "Cultural tradition and Palaeoethnicity in South Asian Archaeology", in Erdosy, George (ed.), The Indo-Aryans of Aboriginal S Asia, ISBNiii-11-014447-6
• Shaffer, Jim G. (1999), "Migration, Philology and South Asian Archaeology", in Bronkhorst, Johannes; Deshpande, Madhav (eds.), The Indo-Aryans of Ancient S Asia, ISBN1-888789-04-2

External links [edit]

• Sacredness of native Moo-cow breeds of India
• Salvage Mother Moo-cow
• Photo essay examining the changing place of the Holy Cow in India
• Cows in Hinduism
• Sacredness of moo-cow in Rigveda and the words of Gandhi, from Hinduism Today
• Gau-Mata and her underground meanings
• Why Hindus Consider Cow as Sacred Mother
• Milk in a vegetarian diet, from Sanatan Society, a Hindu association
• Sacred No Longer: The suffering of cattle for the Indian leather trade, from Advocates for Animals
• Rise In Animate being Slaughter in Bharat, past Tony Mathews
• "Pamela Anderson Lee Exposes Animal Cruelty in the International Leather Merchandise", from PETA
• Deonar Slaughter-house: Report on the Failure of Government and of Management to Encounter Humane, Hygiene, Religious, and Legal Standards for Slaughter and Brute Handling, from PETA
• People for Animals, an Indian animal rights organisation
• India cow report, by Balabhadra das, ISCOWP
• Hinduism: Why do Hindus regard the cow equally sacred?
• Jainism & Condition of Cows in India:- By Mr. Anil Kumar Jain

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle_in_religion_and_mythology

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